Regions
Africa | Asia | Australasia | Europe | Latin America | North America | Polar Regions | Small Island States
Sectors
Agriculture & Food Security | Human Health | Hydrologic Resources & Extreme Weather | Coastal Resources | Security | Species, Diversity, and Ecosystems
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN EUROPE
Country-Level Studies
Albania | Austria | Belgium | Bulgaria | Croatia | Czech Republic | Denmark | Estonia | European Community | Finland | France | Germany | Greece | Hungary | Iceland | Ireland | Italy | Latvia | Liechtenstein | Lithuania | Luxembourg | Macedonia | Moldova | Monaco | Netherlands | Norway | Poland | Portugal | Romania | Russian Federation | Slovak Republic | Slovenia | Spain | Sweden | Switzerland | Turkey | Ukraine | United Kingdom
Albania
Ministry of Environment. 2002. The First National Communication of the Republic of Albania to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). PDF
Austria
Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management. 2001. Third National Climate Report of the Austrian Federal Government. PDF
Federal Ministry for the Environment Youth and Family Affairs. 1997. Second National Climate Report of the Austrian Federal Government. PDF
Federal Ministry of Environment, Youth and Family Affairs. 1994. National Climate Report of the Austrian Federal Government. PDF
Belgium
Ministry for Social Affairs, Health and Environment. 2002. Belgium's Third National Communication under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Royaume de Belgique. 1997. Convention-cadre des Nations Unies sur les Changements climatiques: Deuxieme Communication Nationale Conformement aux Articles 4 et 12 de la Convention. PDF
Royaume de Belgique. 1997. Convention-cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques: Premiere Communication Nationale Belge Conforment aus Articles 4 et 12 de la Convention. PDF
Bulgaria
Republic of Bulgaria. 2002. The Third National Communication on Climate Change. PDF
Republic of Bulgaria. The Second National Communication on Climate Change. PDF
Republic of Bulgaria. 1996. The First National Communication on Climate Change. PDF
Alexandrov, Vesselin. 1999. "Vulnerability and adaptation of agronomic systems in Bulgaria," Climate Research, Vol. 12, No. 2-3, pp. 161-173. [ABSTRACT]
Energoproekt. 1997. Bulgaria Climate Change Country Study. Energoproekt: Sophia. PDF
Alexandrov, Vesselin A. 1997. "Vulnerability of Agronomic Systems in Bulgaria," Climatic Change, Vol. 36, No. 1-2, May - June, pp. 135-149. [ABSTRACT]
Croatia
Ministry of Environmental Protection and Physical Planning. 2001. The First National Communication of the Republic of Croatia to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). PDF
Czech Republic
Ministry of the Environment of the Czech Republic. 2001. The Czech Republic's Second National Communication on the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Ministry of the Environment of the Czech Republic. 1997. The Czech Republic's Second Communication on the National Process to Comply with the Commitments under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Kalvová, Jaroslava and Ivana Nemešová.
1997. "Projections of Climate Change for the Czech
Republic," Climatic Change, Vol. 36, No. 1-2, May -
June, pp. 41-64. [ABSTRACT]
Dvorak, Vaclav, Josef Hladny, and Ladislav Kasparek. 1997. "Climate Change Hydrology and Water Resources Impact and Adaptation for Selection River Basins in the Czech Republic," Climatic Change, Vol. 36, No. 1-2, May - June, pp. 93-106. [ABSTRACT]
Denmark
Danish Environmental Protection Agency. 2003. Denmark's
Third National Communication on Climate Change Under the
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
PDF
Danish Environmental Protection Agency. 1997. Denmark's Second National Communication on Climate Change Submitted under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Government of Denmark. ?. Climate Protection in Denmark National report of the Danish Government in accordance with article 12 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Estonia
Ministry of the Environment. 2001. Estonia's Third National Communication Under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Government of Estonia. 1998. Estonia's Second National Report under the United Nation`s Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Estonia. 1995. Estonia's First National Communication Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Nilson, Artur, Andres Kiviste, Henn Korjus, Saadi Mihkelson, Ivar Etverk, and Tõnu Oja. 1999. "Impact of recent and future climate change on Estonian forestry and adaptation tools," Climate Research, Vol. 12, No. 2-3, pp. 205-214. [ABSTRACT]
Jaagus, Jaak. 1997. "The Impact of Climate Change on the Snow Cover Pattern in Estonia," Climatic Change, Vol. 36, No. 1-2, May - June, pp. 65-77. [ABSTRACT]
Kont, Are, Urve Ratas, and Elle Puurmann. 1997. "Sea-Level Rise Impact on Coastal Areas of Estonia," Climatic Change, Vol. 36, No. 1-2, May - June, pp. 175-184. [ABSTRACT]
European Community
Commission of the European Communities. 2001. Third Communication from the European Community under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
European Community. 1998. Second Communication from the European Community under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF or PDF in FRENCH
Finland
Ministry of the Environment. 2001. Finland's Third National Report under the United Nation's Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Ministry of the Environment. Finland's Second National Report under the United Nation's Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Ministry of the Environment. 1995. Finland's National Report under the United Nation's Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Heli Peltola, Seppo Kellomäki, and Hannu Väisänen. 1999. "Model Computations of the Impact of Climatic Change on the Windthrow Risk of Trees," Climatic Change, Vol. 41, No. 1, January, pp. 17-36. [ABSTRACT]
France
République Française. 2001. Third National Communication under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF or PDF in FRENCH
République Française. 1997. Second National Communication of France under the Climate Convention. PDF or PDF in FRENCH
République Française. National Programme for the Mitigation of Climate Change. PDF or PDF in FRENCH
Germany
Government of Germany. Third Report by the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany in accordance with the Framework Convention of the United Nations. PDF
The Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety. 1997. Climate Protection in Germany: Second Report of the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany Pursuant to the United Nations Framework Convention on the Climate Change. PDF
Government of Germany. 1994. First Report of the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany Pursuant to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Greece
Ministry for the Environment, Physical Planning and Public Works. 2003. Third National Communication to the UNFCCC. PDF
Ministry for the Environment, Physical Planning and Public Works. 1997. Second National Communication to the UNFCCC. PDF
Ministry for the Environment, Physical Planning and Public Works. 1995. The Greek Action Programme for Climate Change. PDF
Mimikou, M. A., S. P. Kanellopouloua, and E. A. Baltas.
1999. "Human implication of changes in the hydrological
regime due to climate change in Northern Greece," Global
Environmental Change, Vol. 9, No. 2, July, pp. 139-156.
[ABSTRACT]
Kapetanaki, G., and C. Rosenzweig. 1997. "Impact of climate change on maize yield in central and northern Greece: A simulation study with CERES-Maize," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Vol. 1, pp. 251-271. [ABSTRACT]
Hungary
Systemexpert Consulting Ltd. 2002. Hungary: 3rd National Communication for the UNFCCC. PDF
Hungarian Commission on Sustainable Development. 1997. Hungary: Inventories, Mitigation and Scenarios of the Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals; Second National Communication on the Implementation of Commitments under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Hungarian Commission on Sustainable Development. 1994. Hungary: Stabilisation of the Greenhouse Gas Emissions; National Communication on the Implementation of Commitments under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Iceland
Ministry for the Environment. 2003. Iceland´s Third National Communication under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Ministry for the Environment. 1997. Status Report for Iceland
pursuant to the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Ministry for the Environment, 1994. Status Report for Iceland pursuant to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Ireland
Department of the Environment. Ireland: Second National Communication under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Department of the Environment. 1995. Ireland: Climate Change; CO2 Abatement Strategy. PDF
Italy
Ministry for the Environment and Territory. 2002. Third
National Communication under the UN Framework Convention
on Climate Change: Italy. PDF
Ministry for the Environment. 1998. Second National Communication under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change: Italy. PDF
Ministry for the Environment. 1995. First Italian National Communication to the Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Latvia
Ministry of Environmental Protection and Regional Development. 2001. The Third National Communication of the Republic of Latvia under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Ministry of Environmental Protection and Regional Development. 1995. National Communication of the Republic of Latvia under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Liechtenstein
Government of the Principality of Liechtenstein. 2001. Liechtenstein National Climate Report. PDF
Lithuania
Ministry of the Environment. 2003. Lithuania's Second National Communication under the Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Government of the Republic of Lithuania. The First National Communication of the Republic of Lithuania on Climate Change. PDF
Luxembourg
Ministère de l'Environnement. 1995. Rapport National du Luxembourg en vue de la 1iè Conference des Parties a la Convention-Cadre des Nationsunies sur les Changements Climatiques. PDF
Macedonia
Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning. 2003. Macedonia's First National Communication under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Moldova
Ministry of Environment and Territorial Development. 2000. First National Communication of the Republic of Moldova Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Monaco
Government of Monaco. 2001. Troisieme Communication Nationale de la Principaute de Monaco: Convention Cadre des Nations Unies sur les Changements Climatiques. PDF
Government of Monaco. Monaco's Second National Communication under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Government of Monaco. Convention Cadre des Nations Unies sur les Changements Climatiques: Mesures Prises a Monaco en Application des Dispositions de la Convention. PDF
Netherlands
Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment. 2001. Third Netherland's National Communication on Climate Change Policies Prepared for the Conference of the Parties under the Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment. 1997. Second Netherland's National Communication on Climate Change Policies Prepared for the Conference of Parties under the Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Dorland, C., R. S. J. Tol, and J. P. Palutikof. 1999. "Vulnerability
of the Netherlands and Northwest Europe to Storm Damage
under Climate Change," Climatic Change, Vol. 43, No.
3, November, pp. 513-535. [ABSTRACT]
Norway
Ministry of the Environment. 2002. Norway's third national
communication under the Framework Convention on Climate
Change.
PDF: PDF
Government of Norway. 1994. Norway's national communication under the Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Government of Norway. 1997. Norway's second national communication under the Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Poland
The Republic of Poland. 2001. Third National Communication to the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
The Republic of Poland. 1998. Second National Report to the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Ministry of Environmental Protection, Natural Resources and Forestry. 1994. National Report to the First Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Demidowicz, G., T. Deputat, T. Górski, S. Krasowicz,
and J. Kus. 2000. "Adaptation Scenarios of Agriculture
in Poland to Future Climate Changes," Environmental
Monitoring and Assessment, Vol. 61, No. 1, March, pp. 133-144.
[ABSTRACT]
Zeidler, Ryszard B. 1997. "Climate Change Vulnerability and Response Strategies for the Coastal Zone of Poland," Climatic Change, Vol. 36, No. 1-2, May - June, pp. 151-173. [ABSTRACT]
Portugal
Ministry of Urban Affairs, Spatial Planning and the Environment. 2001. Portugal's Third National Communication under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Ministry of the Environment. 1997. Portugal's Second Report to be submitted to the Conference of the Parties to the Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources. 1994. Portuguese report In accordance with Article 12 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Romania
Ministry of Waters, Forests and Environmental Protection. 1998. 2nd National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Ministry of Water, Forests, and Environmental Protection. 1995. First National Communications Concerning the National Process of Applying the Provisions of the Framework Convention on Climatic Changes. PDF
Cuculeanu, Vasile, Adriana Marica, and Catalin Simota. 1999. "Climate change impact on agricultural crops and adaptation options in Romania," Climate Research, Vol. 12, No. 2-3, pp.153-160. [ABSTRACT]
Russian Federation
Government of Russia. 2002. Russian Federation's Third National Communication under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF in RUSSIAN
Government of Russia. 1998. Russian Federation's Second National Communication under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF in RUSSIAN
Interagency Commission of the Russian Federation on Climate Change Problems. 1995. First National Communication. PDF
Stocks, B. J., M. A. Fosberg, T. J. Lynham, L. Mearns, B.
M. Wotton et al. 1998. "Climate Change and Forest Fire
Potential in Russian and Canadian Boreal Forests,"
Climatic Change, Vol. 38, No. 1, January, pp. 1-13. [ABSTRACT]
Lelyakin, Alexander L., Alexey O. Kokorin and Igor M. Nazarov. 1997. "Vulnerability of Russian Forests to Climate Changes: Model Estimation of CO2 Fluxes," Climatic Change, Vol. 36, No. 1-2, May - June, pp. 123-133. [ABSTRACT]
Krankina, O. N., R. K. Dixon, A. P. Kirilenko, K. I. Kobak. 1997. "Global Climate Change Adaptation: Examples from Russian Boreal Forest," Climatic Change, Vol. 36, No. 1-2, May - June, pp. 197-215. [ABSTRACT]
Sirotenko, Oleg D., Helena V. Abashina, Vera N. Pavlova. 1997. "Sensitivity of the Russian Agriculture to Changes in Climate, CO2 and Tropospheric Ozone Concentrations and Soil Fertility," Climatic Change, Vol. 36, No. 1-2, May - June, pp. 217-232. [ABSTRACT]
Slovak Republic
Ministry of Environment. 2001. The Third National Communication on Climate Change. PDF
Ministry of Environment. Second National Communication of the Slovak Republic under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Ministry of Environment. 1995. The First National Communication on Climate Change: UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Slovenia
Ministry of the Environment, Spatial Planning and Energy. 2002. Slovenia's First National Communication Under The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Spain
Government of Spain. 2002. Tercera Comunicación Nacional de España: Convención Marco de Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático. PDF in SPANISH with English summary
Ministerio de Medio Ambiente. 1997. Segunda Comunicación Nacional de España: Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático. PDF in SPANISH with English summary
Iglesias, Ana, Cynthia Rosenzweigb and David Pereira. 2000.
"Agricultural impacts of climate change in Spain: developing
tools for a spatial analysis," Global Environmental
Change, Vol. 10, No. 1, April 2000, p. 69-80. [ABSTRACT]
Piñol, Josep, Jaume Terradas and Francisco Lloret. "Climate Warming, Wildfire Hazard, and Wildfire Occurrence in Coastal Eastern Spain," Climatic Change, Vol. 38, No. 3, March, pp. 345-357. [ABSTRACT]
Sweden
Ministry of the Environment. 2001. Sweden's third national communication on Climate Change Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Government of Sweden. 1997. Sweden's Second National Communication on Climate Change. PDF
Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources. 1994. Sweden's National Report under the United Nations UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Switzerland
Swiss Agency for the Environment, Forests and Landscape. 2001. UN Framework Convention on Climate Change: Third national communication of Switzerland 2001. PDF
Swiss Confederation. 1997. UN Framework Convention on Climate Change: Second national communication of Switzerland 1997. PDF
Swiss Confederation. 1994. Convention-cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements Climatiques: Rapport de la Suisse 1994. PDF in FRENCH
Turkey
Komuscu, Ali Umran, Ayhan Erkan, and Sukriye Oz. 1998. "Possible Impacts of Climate Change on Soil Moisture Availability in the Southeast Anatolia Development Project Region (GAP): An Analysis from an Agricultural Drought Perspective," Climatic Change, Vol. 40, No. 3-4, December, pp. 519-545. [ABSTRACT]
Ukraine
Government of Ukraine. 1998. The First National Communication on Climate Change: The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
United Kingdom
Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. 2001. The UK's Third National Communication under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Government of the United Kingdom. 1997. Climate Change: The United Kingdom Programme; The United Kingdom's Second Report under the Framework Convention on Climate Change. PDF
Hulme, M., G.J. Jenkins, X. Lu, J.R. Turnpenny, T.D. Mitchell, R.G. Jones, J. Lowe, J.M. Murphy, D. Hassell, P. Boorman, R. McDonald, and S. Hill. 2002. Climate Change Scenarios for the United Kingdom: The UKCIP02 Scientific Report. Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia: Norwich, UK. PDF
Gates, Phil. 2002. Gardening in the Global Greenhouse: The Impacts of Climate Change on Gardens in the UK; Summary Report. UK Climate Impacts Programme. PDF
Ghaffari, A., H. F. Cook, and H. C. Lee. 2002. "Climate Change and Winter Wheat Management: A Modelling Scenario for South-Eastern England," Climatic Change, Vol. 55, No. 4, December, pp. 509-533. [ABSTRACT]
Naden, P. S. and C. D. Watts. 2001. "Estimating Climate-Induced Change in Soil Moisture at the Landscape Scale: An Application to Five Areas of Ecological Interest in the U.K.," Climatic Change, Vol. 49, No. 4, June, pp. 411-440. [ABSTRACT]
Reynard, N. S., C. Prudhomme, and S. M. Crooks. 2001. "The Flood Characteristics of Large U.K. Rivers: Potential Effects of Changing Climate and Land Use," Climatic Change, Vol. 48, No. 2-3, February, pp. 343-359. [ABSTRACT]
Department of Health. 2008. Health Effects of Climate Change in the UK. TEXT
UK Climate Impacts Programme: Oxford, U.K. Recent Publications.
Arnell, Nigel W. 1998. "Climate Change and Water Resources in Britain," Climatic Change, Vol. 39, No. 1, May, pp. 83-110. [ABSTRACT]
East Midlands
Government of East Midlands Climate Change Programme of Action PDF
London
London Climate Change Partnership London Climate Change Partnership. 2002. London's Warming: The impacts of climate change on London. PDF
Northern Ireland
Smyth, Austin, W. Ian Montgomery, David Favis-Mortlock, and Simon Allen (eds.). 2002. Implications of Climate Change for Northern Ireland: Informing Strategy Development. Scotland and Northern Ireland Forum for Environmental Research. PDF
Northeast
North East Assembly. 2002. And the Weather Today is …: Climate Change in the North East. PDF
Scotland
Kerr, Andrew, Simon Shackley, Ronnie Milne, and Simon Allen. 1999. Climate Change: Scottish Implications; Scoping Study. The Scottish Executive Central Research Unit: Edinburgh. PDF
Southwest
South West Climate Change Impacts Partnership. 2003. Warming to the idea: Meeting the challenge of climate change in the South West. TEXT
Wales
McMaster, H. J. 1999. "The Potential Impact of Global Warming on Hail Losses to Winter Cereal Crops in New South Wales," Climatic Change, Vol. 43, No. 2, October, pp. 455-476. [ABSTRACT]
Yorkshire and Humber
WS Atkins. 2002. Warming up the region: The impacts of climate change in the Yorkshire and Humber Region. SITE or PDF SUMMARY
